Hepatic deletion of Atg7 caused defective formation of LC3-II, an autophagy-specific marker, in tumor and non-tumor liver tissue, when compared with age-matched Atg7-floxed (Atg7 F/F) liver (Fig. 1a), indicating that the tumors were also deficient in autophagy and that they would have arisen from the autophagy-deficient hepatocytes. Here, ATG7 is linked to neoplasm.