HIF1A and urinary bladder cancer: Our data showed that both HIF-1α siRNA and YC-1 significantly blocked the activation of AMPK pathway, and inhibited the autophagic cell death in Vitamin K2-treated T24 cells (Fig. 6A–D), suggesting that Vitamin K2-increased HIF-1α expression is greatly responsible for AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death in bladder cancer cells.