The most common of them include Tricho-Dento-Osseous (TDO; OMIM 190320) syndrome (DLX3, OMIM 600525), Laryngo-Onycho-Cutaneous (LOC; OMIM 245660) syndrome (LAMA3, OMIM 600805), Jalili syndrome (JS; OMIM 217080) (CNNM4, OMIM 607805), Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Nephrocalcinosis (OMIM 204690) (FAM20A, OMIM 611062), Kohlschutter-Tonz Syndrome (KTS; MIM 226750) (ROGDI, OMIM 614574), Amelo-Onycho-Hypohidrotic Syndrome (OMIM 104570), and Heimler Syndrome-1,2 (HMLR; OMIM 234580) (PEX1, PEX6, OMIM 602136, 601,498). The gene discussed is CNNM4; the disease is Down syndrome.