PBMCs from TRAPS patients with the p.Gly87Val (G87V) mutation were hyper-reponsive to TLR2 and TLR4 stimulations with increased production of IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), indicating that these cytokines are contributing to the TRAPS pathogenesis [40]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and TNF receptor 1-associated periodic fever syndrome.