Heart failure has been an increasing public health concern, and hospitalization rates and costs of care for heart failure remain high.1 Substantial progress has been made in the management of chronic ambulatory heart failure with the availability of drugs such as β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). This evidence concerns the gene ACE and heart failure.