LAT and lymphoid leukemia: Interestingly, the analogue of melphalan, a nitrogen mustard amino acid D,L-2-amino-7-bis[(2-chloroethyl)amino]-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid (D,L-NAM) (Fig. 4H), utilized LAT1 for cellular uptake into murine L1210 lymphocytic leukaemia cells (86) and exhibited 50-times higher affinity for LAT1 at the rat BBB than melphalan after in situ brain perfusion (87).