TFRC and helminthiasis: In our study, we identified that immunization with MAP-TB decreased Treg (P = 0.052) and Tfr cells and stimulated Tfh and GC B cells in dLNs and spleens of immunized mice compared to MAP-B alone, indicating the addition of T-epitope in MAP-B could offset the immune inhibition induced by helminth infection and boost humoral immune response to vaccine antigen.