IRS1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Renal gluconeogenesis is enhanced in STZ rats [4, 14, 46, 67, 110, 173], in murine model knockout for IRecs [174] or IRS1 plus IRS2 [4], in a mix model of high-fat diet plus STZ [175], and in T2D murine models [176, 177] demonstrating the essential insulin role.