Previous surgical procedures had been performed in 113 eyes (4.16%): 53 eyes (1.95%) had undergone laser corneal refractive surgery, 27 eyes (0.99%) vitrectomy, 12 eyes (0.44%) intravitreal injection of an antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug, 9 eyes (0.33%) pterygium excision, 6 eyes (0.22%) radial keratotomy, 5 eyes (0.18%) glaucoma surgery, and one eye strabismus surgery. Here, VEGFA is linked to pterygium.