HIF1A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Duan et al. [49] investigated the mechanism of curcumin's anticancer activity and found that HepG2 cells treated with 10 μmol/L curcumin had significantly reduced HIF-1α protein levels compared with the control group, and these levels decreased with the increase of curcumin concentration; thus, curcumin inhibits HIF-1α expression and decreases EMT in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.