The expression of NGAL mRNA levels in placental (3.24 ± 1.25 vs. 1.30 ± 0.57, P=0.001, Figure 2(a)) and umbilical cord (2.02 ± 0.41 vs. 0.96 ± 0.30, P < 0.001, Figure 2(a)) tissues were higher in GDM women than those in the control group. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is gestational diabetes.