LCN2 and gestational diabetes: In the GDM group, maternal serum NGAL levels correlated positively with the following parameters: fasting plasma glucose of the second trimester (r = 0.369, P=0.014), fasting plasma glucose at term (r = 0.390, P=0.008), FINS (r = 0.695, P < 0.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.711, P < 0.001), and birth weight (r = 0.363, P=0.014).