Thus, our findings establish a link between upregulated mTORC1 signaling in Nkx2.1 interneurons and reduction of their synaptic inhibition of pyramidal cells, and hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairments in mouse, suggesting a possible role of dysregulated mTORC1-mediated translation and synaptic dysfunction in inhibitory cells in TSC. This evidence concerns the gene TSC1 and Cognitive impairment.