ISG15 and infection: Interestingly, the expression of 20 proteins is consistently up-regulated during infection by JEV and WNV (Fig 1C), including innate immunity-related proteins such as IFIT-1, IFIT-3, ISG15, OAS and STAT1 which are amongst the most up-regulated proteins for both JEV and WNV (FC ranging from 2.9 to 13.6 for JEV and from 1.9 to 7.8 for WNV, Table 1).