CCL2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: IL-8 activates FoxC1 expression via the PI3K/AKT pathway and via hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, and FoxC1 expression induces CXCR1 and CCL2 transactivation and promotes inflammation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the migration and invasion of HCC cells 31.