To investigate the effects of PEX5 and miR-31-5p on HCC growth in vivo, OE-PEX5, OE-PEX5 ctrl, sh-PEX5, and sh-PEX5 ctrl plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells to establish stable overexpression or knockdown of PEX5 in cells (Figure 8E). The gene discussed is PEX5; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.