C5 and infection: Two-way ANOVA revealed no significant interaction between sex and bacterial infection at 24 h and 5 d after infection; but there was a significant main effect of bacterial infection on C5a levels in the plasma at both time points [F(1, 36) = 16.53, p = 0.0002; F(1, 36) = 21.71, p < 0.0001, respectively, Figures 7A,B].