ATG3 and infection: For instance, Beclin1, PI3K/VPS30, and ATG3 are all required to limit HR PCD to the pathogen infection site (Liu et al., 2005), ATG5 and ATG7 regulate glucose-induced ROS in Arabidopsis (Huang et al., 2018), and ATG9 is a negative regulator of innate immune signaling (Cadwell and Debnath, 2018; Levine and Kroemer, 2019).