IL4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Wang and Chen (2009) observed that patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) receiving radiation therapy had significantly lower expressions of Th1 type transcription factor T-bet and cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2, while expressions of Th2 type transcription factor GATA-3 and cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly higher.