Cheng et al. reported that treatment of PXR-humanized mice with rifaximin, a human-specific PXR agonist, results in significant inhibition of NF-κB and its target genes in the intestine in experimental mouse model of DSS coliti, suggesting a potential role for PXR agonists in abrogating IBD (Cheng et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene NR1I2 and inflammatory bowel disease.