For the evaluation of anti-carcinogenic effects of chromanol and chromenol structures, key apoptotic pathways, such as cleavage of poly-[ADP-ribose]-polymerase 1 (PARP-1), caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9 as well as anti-proliferative and cytotoxic properties on cancer cell lines and further markers of carcinogenesis marker in mice were evaluated (Figure 7). Here, PARP1 is linked to cancer.