Gagliardi et al. (2019) believed that Nfs may be a promising biomarker for diagnosing MND, predicting disease progression, and reflecting response to pharmacological intervention. Pathological 43-kDa transactive responsive DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) has been validated as the major disease protein in ALS (Neumann et al., 2006). Geser et al. (2011) concluded that TDP-43 was also an MND/LMN or PMA proteinopathy similar to sporadic ALS, which might reflect MND progression. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is pilomyxoid astrocytoma.