Among the TBM cases, CSF VEGF was additionally significantly higher in those patients with hydrocephalus (196.3 ± 60.2 pg/mL vs. 119.8 ± 69.6 pg/mL) and there was a significant correlation with increased CSF protein and CSF total cell counts (Matsuyama et al., 2001). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is Hydrocephalus.