Visser et al. (2015) associated elevated CSF VEGF with raised hydrocephalus and CSF protein (>1 g/L), along with basal meningeal enhancement and hyperdensity in the basal cisterns on non-contrast CT scans. Lastly, Matsuyama et al. (2001) indicated that CSF VEGF localizes to microvessels and perivascular cells in TBM. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and Hydrocephalus.