ALB and congestive heart failure: Vitamin D deficiency was persistently significantly related with all-cause mortality in Model 1 (adjusted for age and sex) [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0–6.3, p = 0.048], Model 2 (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0–6.7, p = 0.04) (adjusted for comorbidities of DM, CHF, CAD), Model 3 (HR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1–7.1, p = 0.03) (adjusted for CTR), Model 4 (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0–6.5, p = 0.047) (adjusted for serum albumin), and Model 5 (HR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1–9.3, p = 0.04) (adjusted for hemoglobin, serum creatinine, hs-CRP, calcium, phosphate, and cholesterol) (Table 4) (Fig. 7).