We and others showed earlier that PEE causes significant activation of caspase-3 in neonatal mice [19,20,54], and this neuroapoptosis-induced damage contributes to the impaired neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory [19,20,54] that resembles cognitive deficits in individuals who experienced alcohol exposure during early development [19,20,54]. Here, CASP3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.