NFKB1 and diabetic retinopathy: Starting from this assumption, the astaxanthin bioactive compound, which contains several double bonds to scavenge ROS, was shown to exert neuroprotective effects in several experimental models of diabetic retinopathy by reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting NF-κB activity and downregulating the expression of downstream inflammatory mediators, which act as principal stimuli of pathological CNV [16,44,45].