TNF and myocardial infarction: Using the PLD inhibitor FIPI that blocks the enzymatic activity of both isoforms PLD1 and PLD2 revealed that PLD1-mediated regulation of TNF-α, cardiac function and scar formation is dependent on the non-enzymatic properties of PLD, while the migration of inflammatory cells into the infarct border zone after MI depends on the lipase activity of PLD.