CCL5 and atrial fibrillation: In the AF model, the following chemokines showed significant elevations in the allergic mice compared with the control mice: CXCL4 (PF-4), CXCL11 (I-TAC), CCL4 (MIP-1b), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL9 (MIP-1g), CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL19 (MIP-3b) and CCL22 (MDC) (Table 1).