RAC1 and fragile X syndrome: RAC1 is known to participate in the activation of PI3K and MAPKs signaling pathways [179,180], thus suggesting that the modulation of NRF2 activity may depend on the RAC1 mediated AKT/PI3K-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β [89,181], possibly rebalancing oxidative and inflammatory responses in FXS [177].