PPARGC1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Considering the well-established role of energy imbalance and dysregulation of lipid metabolism in obesity pathogenesis [45, 46] which was reflected by a change in the expression of relevant genes (PPARγ,PGC1α, FAS, and ACC), it seems that the reduced expression of TUG1 in adipose tissue plays a part in the initiation and development of obesity through affecting key adipogenic and lipogenic genes.