EIF5A and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: They also observed that sulfated-eIF5A1 plays a role in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and elevation of sulfated-eIF5A1 concentration was found in the vitreous body from proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients, which may explain the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress-induced retinal injury in diabetic retinopathy [49].