CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Moreover, a recent report showed that elevated intracellular Cl−, resulting from defective CFTR ion transport, triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in CF epithelial cells through phosphorylation of the Cl− sensitive serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1 (SGK1), with subsequent activation of the NF-κB pathway [63].