Monocytes from patients with CF showed increased production of IL-1β and IL-18, which was associated with higher activity of caspase-1 and raised extracellular ASCs [28]; interestingly, inhibition of ENaC decreased the exacerbated secretion IL-1β and IL-18 only in monocytes with CF mutations, while this inhibitory effect was not seen in monocytes from patients with other inflammatory conditions [28]. Here, CASP1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.