There are data showing that several biochemical markers, including serum S100b and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), are predictors of death, neurological abnormalities, or MRI-detected brain injury in hypothermia-treated HIE [49], but their levels depend on the timing of sampling, and their prognostic value is uncertain [20]. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is perinatal asphyxia.