This approach has been demonstrated to successfully expand nTreg cells in patients with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), type 1 diabetes, alopecia areata and HCV-induced vasculitis.108 In addition, since activated Treg cells express TNFR2 at much higher levels than activated Tconv cells, stimulation of TNFR2 by specific antibodies or agonists can preferentially expand nTreg cells in vivo and in vitro, and has been shown to be effective in treating GvHD.109,110. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1B; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.