The transfer of such materials between cells in the TME, as well as tumour cells, have been shown to facilitate several tumour-promoting mechanisms including angiogenesis, invasion, evasion of apoptosis and resistance to drugs such as the aforementioned TMZ as well as bevacizumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) [10, 11]. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.