Their combined value through the regression equation (− 1.49 + 2.70 × 14-3-3ζ + 7.02 × osteopontin − 10.01 × VGF: model 2) contributed greatly to an AD diagnosis (AUC = 0.924; Fig. 3b), with a lower misclassification rate than logistic regression (see Supplementary Fig. S3). Here, SPP1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.