Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation plays a crucial role in pathological states such as diabetes39,40 where its elevation can contribute to disease pathogenesis, in epilepsy where increasing O-GlcNAc is protective18,41, and in neurodegeneration42–49, where increasing O-GlcNAc can decrease pathological accumulation of phosphorylated tau or α-synuclein. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and epilepsy.