In three vasculature-rich tumors (lung, colon, and kidney cancers), we found that VECs with overexpression of PD-L1 were concomitantly with higher infiltration of FoxP3+ Treg cells (r = 0.348, P = 0.026), but with lower infiltration of CD8+ T cells (r = −0.398, P = 0.010) in lung adenocarcinomas (Fig. 2a, b). Here, CD274 is linked to lung adenocarcinoma.