PMBCL showed significantly differentially expressed genes compared with all the DLBCL molecular subtypes (GCB–DLBCL, ABC–DLBCL, and unclassifiable DLBCL; Table 2, Supplementary Fig. 5), including those in previously identified PMBCL molecular signatures5,6,47, such as upregulation of CCL17, IL13RA1, MST1R, MOBKL2C, SLAMF1, TRAF1, TFPI2, and TMOD1 and downregulation of FOXP1, IGHM, IKZF1, PIM2, and TNFRSF13B, which suggest activation of the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways and T-cells/macrophages and downregulation of the B-cell receptor pathway. This evidence concerns the gene TRAF1 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.