NPPA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: One of the organs that is recently being investigated for its role in obesity-associated cardio-metabolic dysfunction is the heart, which is not a surprise since it is well known to harbor numerous molecules shown to be critical for global metabolism e.g., natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and BNP [4,5,6].