TNF and liver dysplastic nodule: In STZ-induced DN mice, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog attenuates the levels of ROS, proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine including TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, ICAM-1, and fibrosis-related molecules including TGF-β1 and fibronectin with reduced tubular injury and macrophage infiltration [45].