MSC-derived extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microparticles, also decrease the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in rats by suppressing activation of the NF-κB pathway [110], an effect probably mediated by the inhibition of TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and IL-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) by the anti-inflammatory miR-146a carried by these exosomes [111]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and colitis.