APP and Alzheimer disease: In AD animal models, proteomic biomarker profiles from the brain hippocampus homogenate of ADLPAPT mice [187], APP/PS1 mice, and ApoE4 knock-in mice models [188] have been identified with age-dependent alterations; many of the differentially expressed proteins were identical at presymptomatic stage of the mice, earlier than the formation of Aβ plaque.