NRGN and Cognitive impairment: In contrast, Mavroudis et al., 2019 found that CSF levels of neurogranin were significantly higher in AD patients compared with cognitively normal participants, as well as between AD patients and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), So, AD patients have higher neurogranin levels compared to MCI , and MCI has higher neurogranin levels compared to controls, which indicates that neurogranin levels might be used to differentiate MCI patients from AD patients [158].