PSMA4 and varicocele: In the current study, seven alpha-type subunits (PSMA1, PSMA2, PSMA3, PSMA4, PSMA5, PSMA6, and PSMA7) and four beta-type subunits (PSMB1, PSMB2, PSMB3, and PSMB4) of the core 20S proteasome were predicted to be potential sites for acetylation and were overexpressed in unilateral varicocele compared to bilateral.