JAK1 and neoplasm: In this regard, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) and its upstream activators Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2), are considered as promising targets because STAT3 is frequently activated in NSCLC and regulates key cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, tumor-promoting inflammation and evasion of anti-tumor immunity [12,17,18,19].