We also studied TH-related biomarkers and found that while Pv infection was vaguely associated with TH2-related IL-5, infection was consistently and positively associated with TH1 cytokines (but not IFN-γ) in the PCA analysis (where IL-12 clustered with IL-2R in the PC7), as well as the crude and the adjusted analyses. The gene discussed is IL5; the disease is infection.