The proportions of viable cells within normal hCD45+ cells were similar in the CD34+-alone and +AML groups (Supplemental Figure 1H); but cell cycle activity, measured by incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) into normal hCD45+ cells, was diminished by 38% in scaffolds injected with AML cell lines and 42% with highly engrafted AML patient samples (Figure 1J). This evidence concerns the gene CD34 and acute myeloid leukemia.