Regarding of inflammatory markers, AF patients with SHD had higher plasma values of TNF α (8.6±1.9 vs 7.2±3.7;p=0,021) and sIL-2Rα (964.9±334.6 vs 782.4±419.6; p= 0,020) compared with AF patients with NSHD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and atrial fibrillation.