Regarding of inflammatory markers, AF patients had higher plasma values of IL 18 (442.72±172.34 vs 172.85±109.69; p<001), TNF α (7.85±3.05 vs 2.99±0.97;p<0,001) and sIL-2Rα (867.22±391.40 vs 276.28±95.82; p< 0,001) compared with controls (see figure 1). Here, TNF is linked to atrial fibrillation.