Moreover, considering that flunarizine reduces the mRNA levels of TXNIP, a cellular redox regulator, in HeLa cells (Younis et al., 2010) and in the brains of SMA mice (Sapaly et al., 2018), we examined its expression both at the mRNA and protein levels in treated SMA cells. Here, TXNIP is linked to proximal spinal muscular atrophy.