The pattern of gene expression in the livers of LTsc1KO mice was also induced in non-cirrhotic DEN-mediated HCC, including Tff3, Ly6d, Gpc3, and Afp (Figure 3A), and several other fetal genes that were induced in human HCC, such as Bex2, Spink1, and Rnase1. The change in Tff3 protein was confirmed by western blotting (Figure 5C). Here, SPINK1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.