IL-33 signaling was also required for controlling toxoplasma infection in the brain and preventing the development of encephalitis (Jones et al., 2010), while absence of IL-33 receptor/ST2 attenuated neutrophilic inflammation and ileitis in an oral model of toxoplasmosis (Ryffel et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IL1RL1 and Crohn ileitis.