Further evidence for a role of IL-33 in malarial infection was demonstrated in a study by Ayimba et al. assessing pediatric patients under the age of 5 in central Togo, which found that IL-33 was significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with severe P. falciparum infection (classified by a parasite load of 250,000/μL and/or a hemoglobin concentration of 5g/dL) compared to infection-free controls, with the authors calling for further exploration of IL-33's role in cerebral malaria (Ayimba et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene IL33 and cerebral malaria.